Shared control umbrella trial

Best when SOC (standard of care), eligibility, endpoint, timing, and biomarker prognosis are comparable.

1 shared SOC
Screen biomarker B1 B2 B3 Drug A Drug B Drug C SOC SOC SOC shared A vs SOC B vs SOC C vs SOC (within B1) (within B2) (within B3)

Substudy-specific control umbrella trial

Best when each biomarker subgroup has different SOC, prognosis, endpoint, or eligibility.

1 control per stratum
Screen biomarker B1 B2 B3 Drug A SOC 1 Drug B SOC 2 Drug C SOC 3 A vs SOC 1 B vs SOC 2 C vs SOC 3